Youth And Social Construction - 1236 Words

The intricate nature of youth means that while some argue it is a universal stage of life, it is seen by many as a formation of sociocultural elements. Social construction can be defined as something that has been shaped by the values, interests or practices of a culture or society and this is evident in the youth demographic through its revolution in recent years. The markings of youth are social in formulation; highlighting the way in which young people have been influenced by differing trends and movements. Youth is a transitional phase, its age bracket extending and blurring; transcending global divides and traditions. Thus, it is the social context that surrounds youth which suggests that it is not a universal stage of life. Ultimately, the idea of youth when viewed in a historical and cultural context as well as in relation to other socially influenced concepts such as adulthood, can be observed as a social construction. A Post-First World War occurrence, the concept of youth emerged as a historically comprised debate in response to the social, political and cultural shifts at the time. Youth became a label used to categorize a particular age group, with education and perceived life progress used to mark the unfixed period between childhood and adulthood. It has been suggested that there has been disruption in the general life patterns’ for young people present around the time of, or born just after the First World War (White Wyn, 2008). The statement is helpfulShow MoreRelatedThe Social Construction Of Contemporary Youth Cultures2156 Words   |  9 PagesTopic: Globalisation is an important factor in the social construction of contemporary youth cultures (i.e. information technology, communication, fashion). As we know, globalization is considered to be the process of ideas, goods and communication flowing cross-border with unprecedented speed, range and volume. It is regarded as the presence of the same lifestyles, products, consumption patterns, and cultural experiences across the globe, across many economically AF fluent or economically poor countriesRead MoreExamine How Social, Historical and Spatial Constructions of Childhood and or Youth Inform the Design, Practices and Values of a Selected Institution of Childhood or Young People.733 Words   |  3 PagesExamine how social, historical and spatial constructions of childhood and or youth inform the design, practices and values of a selected institution of childhood or young people. Childhood is not a biological state, unlike infancy (Postman) it is a construction placed upon a group of humans by society (James and Prout). Differing societies have different views of what a child is and should be. The ideas surrounding children and childhood not only differ within different societies there are alsoRead MoreImpact of Party Drugs on the Youth Culture Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagesof development is distinguished by five characteristics: identity exploration, instability, self-focus, a feeling of in-between and possibilities (Arnett, 2004, pg. 14). It is against these five characteristics that the impact of party drugs on the youth culture will be assessed. This essay will explore how the characteristics of adolescence place teenagers at risk from drug experimentation and how the perception of policy makers will influence the community’s response to the problem. The explorationRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On Youth Violence Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesmythology. Meaning violence is a social construction. Violent acts cannot be wholly understood unless we examine them as but one â€Å"one link in the chain of a long process of events† (Schmidt Schrà ¶der 2001, 7). Violence and the responses to it are socially constructed, they are phenomena viewed and interpreted in many different ways. For example, individuals become a product of their environment. The lack of parental support, inflected by peers and their community causes youth to act out violently. EveryRead MoreUnderstanding Identity Construction, Hegemony, and Resistance806 Words   |  3 Pagesidentity construction, hegemony, consent, and resistance in an interpretive way by satisfying the hermeneutic-historical research interest of understanding social workers in order to have a better mutual understanding. The second goal was to elucidate hegemony, consent, resistance, and identity, and the theoretical triangle of hegemony-resistance-identity, in the field of outreaching social work in Hong Kong. It was expected that the clarification would reflect the development of social work professionRead MoreThe Problem Of Youth Unemployment1391 Words   |  6 Pagesto use the triangle model of social analysis to further analyze the issue of youth unemployment. After having a group discussion we have come to a conclusion that this model will allow us to get a deep understanding of the impact that social institutions have on our dominant ideologies and how they are framed through the influence of different institutions. Youth unemployment is an extremely important issue in today’s society and time because over the past decade, youth unemployment has been rapidlyRead MoreThe Strengths Of Labelling Theory And Differential Association Theory1703 Words   |  7 Pagescan explain how the factor of family as reasons why some youth join gangs. This paper c ompares the relative strengths and weaknesses of Differential Association theory and Labelling theory and I argue that Labelling Theory offers the most compelling theoretical perspective to help account for how these factors influence youth to join gangs. I also argue that unlike the other two theories, a Marxist approach deals with the issue of why youth join gangs by investigating the broad effects of inequalityRead MoreRole Of Youth In National Development581 Words   |  3 Pagescitizens in building social cohesion, economic prosperity and political stability in a nation in an inclusive and democratic way. Going by the definition, it is seen that all citizens are to be involved in building or developing a nation. Thus, the involvement of youth in national development is a must. In fact, youths play one of the most important roles in nation building. Youth are not only the leaders of tomorrow, but also the partners of today. Young people are social actors of change andRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Youth Violence911 Words   |  4 Pagesopinion on youth violence is interrupted and misunderstood. Youth violence is seen as a problem only when it is aired on the news daily. But when it is innocent youth been killed within one community no one seem to notice. For example, the crime stories they chose to cover tend to be more violent than the typical crime (Chriss 65). The media has a powerful impact on how the population would view the world. The news purpose is to thrive on conflict especially if it’s devastating. Youth violence attractsRead More Representation in TV Essay683 Words   |  3 PagesRepresentation in TV Youth in Television have been portrayed in many different lights, anywhere from the criminal to the young at heart. With their resistance to the dominant culture, many studies have been done concerning the meaning of the political challenges to the social formation involving investigating cultural objects and media artifacts. Historically young people have fallen into distinct but dependent categories: youth-as-fun and youth-as-trouble. One might ask why any of this

Persuasive Essay On Racism - 701 Words

Racism Racism is an issue in America that has been growing, Martin Luther King was a famous black citizen for his bravery of black people as equals. We can respond to and eradicate racism only through a peaceful stand for the love for humanity. The call of Pope Francis to take â€Å" a clear stand for creative and active nonviolence and against all forms of violence† echoes the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King’s dream of a nation without racism. Inspired by Dr. King’s concept of a creative and constructive tension, I seek the following solutions to the violence caused by racism. Education for children, demonstration, and having the time to get to know one another that are a different culture. Racism a growing issue in America, there†¦show more content†¦If kids were to be taught, then they should be taught about how all people of different cultures, race, color are the same no matter what. They should also be taught how they can stand up to racism and be brave during an attack, and to help someone who is being targeted. The long term effect on heavily teaching kids about racism means that we now have a new generation of adults who now have the power to make the right decisions about how to deal with racism, to be with it or against it. Its always better to have a whole generation worth of people to help stop racism than t be with it and cause a mess. If people were given punishments for being racist, then we might have fewer confrontations. White supremacist can and will throw fists at black people if theyre crazy, if someone was to do that then they should serve jail time for it. If someone was walking around then suddenly they were being targeted for racist jokes, if property was damaged, and even physical threats they should be banned from the area. If a black person was being yelled at, being cussed out, then that person should be given a warning. If that continues then they would be banned, then jail time for them. If we stand together as a whole, then we can eradicate racism with only a few minor bumps in the road. Martin Luther King wanted a world where his children were judged based on character not based on color, hopefully we can have that one day. When there is damage doneShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Racism1138 Words   |  5 Pages It was during the first week of INT that I started to feel more in depth with the racism and its different terms. We talked in detail on intent, reverse racism, and white supremacy after watching few videos for each matter. It turned out that there are deeper meaning and context to these terms than the mere definition. A number of cases regarding intent have suggested that it’s solely up to someone’s motives if they are being racist or not. For instance, we talked in class about this one teacherRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1654 Words   |  7 Pageshas still not been accomplished. People get judged on their skin color and many other things all the time and it isn’t right. Not everybody of the same race, or religion, or sexual orientation are all the same. Racism is a horrible, horrible thing that many people in America experience. Racism and slavery go back many, many years ago. All the way back starting in the 17th century. Since then we have had the Trail of Tears during President Jackson’s presidency when he threw the Native Americans off theirRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1018 Words   |  5 Pagesit s working at 7/11, always smelling like curry, or mocking us with our thick accents. Stereotypes have always been around, they have been used to make some funny jokes, but others have used it personally and criticize people with it. That is why racism is a big problem in this world with people using stereotypes to verbally attack people, thinking those things are true for every race and not getting to know people before judging them. My friends always turn to these jokes when they want to makeRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1317 Words   |  6 Pages Is America Racist? As a privileged white female in the United States, I don’t personally deal with any racism. But millions of Americans are impacted by racism on a daily basis. They are exposed to ignorant slurs and racial violence constantly. Some people say that not everyone is America is racist. That America as a whole is accepting and welcoming. If so, why did we elect a president whose immigration policies will limit entry of millions of non-white people into our country? How is itRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1271 Words   |  6 Pagesthe options to chose our race. Yet we are still being ridiculed from what we are born with. Racism is one of many elements that in the United States of America affects our society. However, there is a hidden problem that promotes racism. It is the fact that a lot of people try to make themselves believe that racism doesn t exist. But unfortunately, it still does. Everyone knows about the problem of racism but don t realize that they are supporting t he problem by discriminating against other peopleRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1926 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent culture or has different skin color? Racism is the major issues today and it still exists in our schools, works, and society. Racism at the workplace is responsible for continuous mood changes, aggressive behavior, and have a bad feeling in the minds of the affected persons. This turn bad for the employer and the society. Everyone has right to do something so why do people become races. Today it was better than years ago but still, racism exists in the United States and other countriesRead MorePersuasive Essay Racism1958 Words   |  8 Pagesloose. We learned about racism in the past, but in 2013, but we never thought we would experience it. Racism is discrimination or discrimination against another race , from one that believes that their race is superior. One of the biggest debates in America is whether or not racism exist. Racism is still present in America be cause America has an unlawful justice system for minorities, President Trump is causing racial tensions, and the media is racially bias. There is still racism present in AmericaRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1752 Words   |  8 PagesRacism is contagious to this society. It has been a growing concern in the United States for many decades now, however, no major improvements are made by any political officials in reducing it. Many individuals of color are treated unfairly just because they are of pigment. Not too long ago, many individuals in the African American communities sparked out in outrage when individuals such as Michael Brown and much more were racially profiled by were brutally attacked by the law enforcers. Racism doesRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1839 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout America, racism is a very prominent topic that affects thousands of American’s. Although racism has been fought for many of years in America, Americans find themselves still talking about the social divide. The subject of racism is all over the news and has even made it’s way to America’s game, fo otball. The kneeling during the national anthem has been a very big controversy that many American’s are furious about. However, for black Americans, it is an outcry that should be heard. ManyRead MorePersuasive Essay On Reverse Racism968 Words   |  4 Pagesblack but if he was white he would have been forced to remove the flag. Is this not an example of reverse racism? Reverse racism is a common problem that causes many majorities to be shamed, harmed, or hurt by minorities. White on black racism is a big thing right? Yes there a many many examples of racism caused by whites against blacks but in todays society it is nothing more than the racism that blacks have towards whites (It’s time to talk about ‘black privilege’). Black people can have clubs

Empirical Business Ethics Research

Question: Discuss about the Empirical Business Ethics Research. Answer: When Good Results are Bad Results The reflection on the case of Professor Ballistico requires consideration of ethical dilemma. It can be observed that the professor is doubtful whether to publish his findings regarding the detrimental impacts of frozen food additives Longlife and Rotnever on human health. As per Blay et al, the dilemma is primarily due to the funding offered for the research by Foodcorp, the company which provided 2.3 million Euros to the BigCity University for institution of the Foodcorp center for food science where professor Ballistico serves as the director (Blay et al., 2016). Despite numerous revisions, the professor concluded that the efforts of the assistant researcher in the data analysis part are concrete and hence his dilemma proliferated. It is imperative that the professor has different options which could be evaluated and considered according to their feasibility. According to Crane Matten, the options which can be presently accessed by the professor include communication of the findings to Foodcorp or BigCity University, consideration of repeating the research activity and making the research findings public (Crane Matten, 2016). The ethical concerns of the professor would definitely indicate that publishing the findings would be the most feasible alternative in such scenario. However, the concerns of grants for future research must not be neglected by the professor since they are the prime sources of funds for the research center headed by professor Ballistico. On the contrary, DesJardins McCall said that if the findings are communicated to the president of the university then they are most likely to be turned down due to the inclinations towards a massive source of external funding (DesJardins McCall, 2014). From a critical perspective, the best course for professor Ballistico would be to inform Foodcorp about the research findings which could derive distinct courses of action for tackling with the issues evident in the research outcomes. Upon acquisition of information related to the long term impact of Longlife and Rotnever, Foodcorp could introduce changes in production of the two additives or publicly disclose the findings themselves as a sign of ethical responsibility for the society alongside a promise for resolving the setbacks. The case reflects on the proliferation of ethical dilemmas primarily due to the involvement of private organizations in formation of research centers which should have been undertaken by government. The involvement of private organization such as Foodcorp exerts influence on the freedom of researchers such as professor Ballistico to publish groundbreaking research outcomes (Freeman, 2014). The ethical concerns involved in the case also include the dependence on financial resources of corporate organization for research activities which is a formidable question on the credibility of research outcomes. Stuck in the middle The probable course of action from an ethical point of view that can be perceived from reflection in this case is the exchange of information with senior management and communicating the pitfalls in the existing operations of the organization to the senior management. Fernando Moore said that the senior management is primarily formed of the director of public works, CEO and the human resources director (Fernando Moore, 2015). The decision to implement services of internal staff for the completion of a project was rejected by the director of public works on the grounds of timely completion of the project. The assumption laid forward by the superior manager i.e. the director of public works depicted that contractors would be able to complete the project within the specific deadline. As a civil engineer, I could utilize my position to ensure a dialogue with the CEO, the human resources director and the director of public resources in a meeting to communicate my apprehensions related to job role. I have to report the inclusion of outside contractors in different tasks within the organization despite the availability of full staff complement and capabilities of existing staff to complete projects. As per Floyd et al, the feedback from supervisors pertaining to their negligence due to the assignment of significant projects to contractors could also serve as a potential document for the human resources director for identifying the probable causes for dissatisfaction among supervisors. The claims of the manager pertaining to rejection of my plan with validation of the CEO can be justified only if the CEO indicates reviewing the plan earlier (Floyd et al., 2013). According to Hoffman, Frederick Schwartz, I could describe the significance of quality over time in completion of the projects in order to satiate the ethical responsibility of fulfilling the needs of internal staff rather than emphasizing on external sources of productivity. The factors which can be considered as prominent influences on such decision were the personal traits of adhering to ethical behavior and perceiving information as a source for validating opinions (Hoffman, Frederick Schwartz, 2014). The role of authority can be perceived in the case study with the director of public works, human resources director and the CEO which suggests that moving to the higher level of authority in case of ethical dilemmas is plausible. As per Hartman et al, even though my manager, the director of public works, has potential authority to supervise and moderate plans and recommendations suggested by me as well other subordinates. However, the exertion of authority can be challenged in my position as the civil engineer (Hartman et al., 2014). Reflection on the case further indicates that any other individual in such ethical dilemma scenario would not prefer to make similar decision owing to the perception of closeness among the senior management members such as HR director, CEO and the director of public works. Producing toys-childs play The reflection on the case indicates potential ethical issues which are proliferated from inherent values. Personal values refer to the concerns for child labor and compassion. As a product manager, my gut reaction in such case would be to devise approaches needed for redirecting the profits acquired from the transition to the Thai supplier from the Portuguese supplier towards establishment of workshops and educational opportunities for children of the toy manufacturers. As per Jennings, the acceptance of norms of life in Thailand could be considered as validation for the practice of employing children in manufacturing toys in hazardous conditions (Jennings, 2014). Therefore the gut reaction to such scenarios would be vested in addressing the situation of child labor without compromising the organizations initiative to procure low cost supplies. It can be observed from the case study that the Thai manufacturer employs 30 men whose families assist in completion of the task of manufacturing toys in their homes without any manufacturing workshop. The time taken for completion of the task can be estimated to be almost 10 hours which could be strenuous for a single family thereby leading to employment of children in the jobs. According to May, Luth Schwoerer, the immediate decision as a product manager in such case would be to consult with the senior management on the issue and the potential impacts which association with the Thai manufacturer can inflict on the organizations reputation (May, Luth Schwoerer, 2014). The management has to consider the consequences of being related to a manufacturer producing toys through the employment of children which could be highly detrimental for the reputation of the organization. As per McMurrian Matulich, this may lead to ceasing of the agreement between me and the Thai manufacturer or consideration of revised conditions for the Thai manufacturer such as institution of a workshop for manufacturing toys and refraining from inclusion of children in any stage of manufacturing (McMurrian Matulich, 2016). The prominent reasons which could be estimated as influences on the decision taken by me would be vested in the inability of families to support the education of their children, institution of a work-life balance and acquire suitable opportunities for remuneration (Swanson Frederick, 2016). My inherent values of compassion and reasonability are assumed as formidable influences on the reasons. Another profound measure which could be implemented in such scenario is to refer the case of the Thai manufacturer to civilian authorities for protection of employment and child rights. Such initiatives have to be implemented in accordance with an ethical perspective since the Thai manufacturers trust on me while showing the manufacturing process must not be violated (Swanson Frederick, 2015). Off your face on Facebook The notable ethical issues which can be noticed in this case indicate the dilemma between academic qualification and social behavior. As per Swanson Frederick, the consideration of two candidates for the post of a new team member for assisting in clinical trials of a new pharmaceutical product of AllCure Pharmaceuticals has been subject to short listing of two female candidates who have adequate academic experience for the job (Swanson Frederick, 2015). However, the requirements of the job indicate primary requisites of a credible and efficient work schedule alongside the additional needs of social engagement skills in context of clinics, the different departments of the company and the approving authorities. Therefore social media has been assumed as a platform for evaluating the feasibility of each candidate in terms of the requirements for social interaction in the professional domain. As per Weiss, one of the candidates was found to be easily accessible on social media website such as Facebook while the other was very hard to locate (Weiss, 2014). The posts on Facebook of the first candidate were indicative of her sociable nature and her inclination towards travelling. On the other hand, West said that the second candidate was not easily accessible on Facebook and has maintained a socially constrained profile on the site which can be accessed only by friends. However, the images posted on her account in Facebook depict her taking her shirt off during parties, engaging in heavy alcohol consumption and in some cases she was also seen consuming illegal drugs (West, 2014). The ethical concern primarily arises in context of the superior performance of the second candidate as compared to the first candidate. The awarding of the job could not be solely judged on the basis of drinking or partying habits of the candidate or the restricted nature of her social interaction on social media websites such as Facebook. According to Stanwick Stanwick, it can be reflected that people with minimal involvement on social media platforms are capable of developing and sustaining prolific social behavior. However, the preferences of the second candidate for intake of illegal drugs can be a potential indicator of her existing or long term involvement in illegal activities (Stanwick Stanwick, 2013). Therefore, the plausible course of action in such scenario would be to hire the first candidate since her skills in the academic context can be improved through provision of opportunities for continuous learning in the workplace. As a human resource manager, it is justified to proceed with the hiring of the first candidate. However, the consideration of the use of Facebook by potential employers has to be moderated to a certain extent and the observation of images on social media cannot be assumed as completely reliable as they could be obtained from an earlier time. A fitting approach to shoe selling The arguments which can be placed for the actions of Lola can be indicative of the acquisition of revenue for the store without any prominent dissatisfaction for customers on account of Lolas lying. However, arguments against Lolas actions can be presented as indicators of long term consequences such as loss of customer loyalty and reduction in the levels of customer retention. Such practices followed by Lola are common in sales situation only with the detriments of improper perception by customers. Even if a salesperson has sold a product to a customer with slight modification of facts, the customer appreciates the former and in case they are able to find that they were lied to, then the chances of their repeated visit to the store can be limited. Customers appreciate sellers who adhere to business ethics in sales activities and in case of Lola, I would have thought that she is offering me the products which suit me the best while as a coworker I would refrain from activities ensued by Lola and I could also consider reporting the actions of Lola to senior management of the store (Jennings, 2014). The impact of the incentive scheme is considered as an underlying factor prompting Lola to substantiate sales despite the use of malicious efforts. Acquisition of commission on every sale alongside regular remunerations accounts for a formidable motivation for an individual to leverage their ethics for performance in the workplace (Hartman et al., 2014). As Lolas manager, my foremost initiative would be to inform her of the long term consequences of her activities on her professional career as well as the reputation of the store. Consulting with Lola on the positive aspects of her sales techniques such as creating sense of urgency among customers and providing suitable alternatives for clueless customers could be considered as reasonable improvements in her sales techniques. References Blay, A.D., Gooden, E.S., Mellon, M.J. and Stevens, D.E., 2016. The Usefulness of Social Norm Theory in Empirical Business Ethics Research: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research. Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-16. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016. Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J., 2014. Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Freeman, R.E., 2014. Management Ethics: Placing Ethics at the Core of Good Management, by Domnec Mel. London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2012. ISBN: 978-0230246300. Business Ethics Quarterly, 24(01), pp.142-143. Fernando, M. and Moore, G., 2015. MacIntyrean virtue ethics in business: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of business ethics, 132(1), pp.185-202. Floyd, L.A., Xu, F., Atkins, R. and Caldwell, C., 2013. Ethical outcomes and business ethics: Toward improving business ethics education. Journal of business ethics, 117(4), pp.753-776. Hoffman, W.M., Frederick, R.E. and Schwartz, M.S. eds., 2014. Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R., MacDonald, C. and Hartman, L.P., 2014. Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Jennings, M.M., 2014. Business ethics: Case studies and selected readings. Cengage Learning. May, D.R., Luth, M.T. and Schwoerer, C.E., 2014. The influence of business ethics education on moral efficacy, moral meaningfulness, and moral courage: A quasi-experimental study. Journal of Business Ethics, 124(1), pp.67-80. McMurrian, R.C. and Matulich, E., 2016. Building customer value and profitability with business ethics. Journal of Business Economics Research (Online), 14(3), p.83. Swanson, D.L. and Frederick, W.C., 2016. Denial and leadership in business ethics education. Business ethics: New challenges for business schools and corporate leaders, pp.222-240. Swanson, D.L. and Frederick, W.C., 2015. Are business schools silent partners in corporate crime?. Business, Capitalism and Corporate Citizenship: A Collection of Seminal Essays, p.74. Stanwick, P. and Stanwick, S.D., 2013. Understanding business ethics. Sage. Weiss, J.W., 2014. Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. West, A., 2014. Ubuntu and business ethics: Problems, perspectives and prospects. Journal of Business Ethics, 121(1), pp.47-61.

Activities Efficient And Effective Manner †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Activities Efficient And Effective Manner? Answer: Introduction: In this new digital world, technology is playing vital role in improving the traditional activities in more efficient and effective manner. The client chosen for this report is Public Transport Victoria (PTV), which one of the popular public transports in Australia and takes care of delivering best services to their client. This report emphasis on the implementation of AIS/ERP system into the existing system in order to make the services more efficient and take the public transport services to another level (Agarwal and Koo 2016). Accounting Information System/Enterprise Resource Management system is an integrated system that is based on computerized activities and cloud storage for the information that is being collected within the organization. This implementation can be helpful in managing all the internal and external resources or operational activities that have been taking place within the organization. This system will cover human resources, financial operations, materials and tangible assets of the PTV. This report throws light on the business processes of the organization through ERP system in order to increase the efficiency for the customers and provide them better outputs and satisfaction on the services. This implementation will be innovative and upgrade the traditional process of operational activities, whereas this could lead to several threats and risks by this implementation, which have also been explained in depth including their mitigating measures that could prevent from harming the system. Business Processes: The traditional way of managing the transport corporation includes maintenance of the assets including vehicles and other transport related information is being stored in files using pen and paper. This is a time taking and not much efficient in the calculation (Nettstrater et al. 2015). In future this could lead to problems like auditing and rectification. The third party is supposed to provide the services related to these activities through completely reverse view point of the traditional processes of businesses in public transport industries. ERP system can be helpful in enabling the core business function of the PTV in more efficient and effective manner, which includes many managerial activities that includes meting the customers or clients requirements, optimizing transportation, logistic management (Nettstrater et al. 2015). The effectiveness and accuracy for these operational activities can be improved, which could in turn help in improving the customer loyalty and increase profitability. ERP can offer very new and innovative functionalists like vendor portals, supply chain management, monitoring sales, tracking customers, cloud storage for the information and many more. These services are being offered by third party so all the maintenance and monitoring the system is done by them, which helps in saving time and money for the organization that could be spent on the maintenance (Bradford and Herman 2017). Accounting Information system can be helpful in managing the supplies, creating sales orders, and various accounting operation in much efficient and effective manner. ERP can offer the following business process: Schedule Maintenance: Maintaining schedule for the transporting services can be improved as this could provide far better and efficient manner to manage vehicles, booking details, transport infrastructure and rest of the assets, which need regular maintenance. ERP could help in maintaining the schedules with timely reminder in order to eliminate the hidden errors. Customer or vendor portal: Portals provided by ERP software can be helpful in better interaction with the customers or clients and easy process to b in touch with the clients. Better communication increases the trust between the organization and the clients. Optimizing Inventory Control: It is one of the important aspects for the public transport industries like PTV and ERP can provide better managerial applications or software for accomplishing the operations like monitoring sales, orders, deliverables etc (Srinivasan, McGrath and Kelly 2014). Real Time Tracking: Tracking the vehicles is another important process for the transport services, which was not much efficient in traditional approaches, but ERP could provide tracking systems with no extra efforts. Improving Distribution: ERP implementation can be helpful in improving the distribution services with much faster way, which could be a positive aspect for the PTV for managing the distribution flow. Staff Management: The ERP system provides tools (applications or software) for the management of workplaces and activities within the organization. The individuals (employees) of the PTV could control work hours, break times by the application of the offered software and measures the performance of the employees within the organization (Lin et al. 2016). All the staffs will be provided their roles and responsibilities that will be helpful in managing the whole management in efficient and effective manner. Business Requirements: ERP management systems can be helpful in managing the transportation and operational activities related of the public transport services across the Australia for the PTV. ERP provides user interface system, which provides easy usage and access with many capabilities like reducing the freight cost, industry-leading abilities, automate process for the accounting, and other activities, optimizing the service and reducing the freight costs. These aspects could be helpful in favoring PTV to run their logistic operations in more efficient and effective manner. Transportation Intelligence: It can be described as the logistic dashboard for the PTV transporting enterprise (Michelutti et al. 2017). ERP can be helpful in delivering the granular visibility to the data and metrics related to the transportation services. This requirement includes tracking the shipments, customers, tracking offers provided by its competitors, and booking orders. These alternations can be helpful in providing improved costs and services that could be offered to the customers to increase awareness among them, receiving pre-alerts on the milestone activities, and many more. ERP could also provide facility to monitor the business metrics and compare it against the targets, benchmarking and forecasting is also facilitated by this implementation. Operational Planning: The state-of-the-art optimization engine offered by ERP system can be the most effective and accurate solutions for the logistics needs of the operational activities (Michelutti et al. 2017). Another aspect can be that it has been adhering to the business capabilities and requirements of trading partners and in competitive environment. Freight payment and billing: Focusing of bigger and wider scenarios that are sensitive sectors of the organization can be helpful in eliminating the administrative activities, which could result in increment of the efficiency. Automating the related processes could be the effective requirement regarding the audit and the freight bill payment (Kodym and Unucka 2016). This section also covers the expected aspects of the rates of transportation, including the surcharges and discounts. The tracking of the matching payment, accessorial, auto-pay, tracking claims, and report on costs can be considered in this section. In order to support both the freight payment of billing and the shipper; 3PL, LSP processes can be taken into account. The Fleet Management: This is a requirement in order to manage the fleet without sacrificing the carrier efficiency and fleet utilization. All the activities related to managing the vehicles like tractors, trailers, and drivers can be considered in this requirement, which need to be managing accordingly to gain positive outputs (Kodym and Unucka 2016). Managing the fleet resource abilities, including the optimization of carriers rates are the simultaneously considerable aspects for this section. Systems Requirements: Requirement can be characterized as an exhibit to solve the problems that rose in the real world for the PTV. Developing the system requirements is a typical and complicated combination of requirements those are resulted from different people at different levels of the organization and from the environment where the system is being executed (Lorenc and Szkoda 2015). These requirements can be listed as follows: Managing the equipments and lowering the rates more efficiently and effectively. Creation of more effective and higher rates of networks of logistics. Optimization of the streamlined location flow, calendar, the cubic capacity of the containers, and consolidating orders. Planning and then executing the international shipments and domestic shipments under a single platform of the system. Software and vendor selection: Relevant software according to the needs of the PTV can be listed as: Helios Trans: This software can be stated as the ideal transport management system, which is integrated with the many mobility and tracking solutions that could be helpful in tracking the vehicles and the clients (Lorenc and Szkoda 2015). This could help in monitoring the vehicles and will also maximize security for the clients that move far away from cities for vacations. Examples of the implementation are RFID, GPS, Bar-coding, etc. The Cogxim Transport Management: Computerizing all the operational activities can be achieved by this software, which eliminates all the human efforts and produce expected output (Singh 2016). Excelanto Transport ERP: This is relevant software as per the needs of PTV, which can be described as user-friendly ERP solutions. Operation related to the vehicles management can be achieved in efficient manner by this software. Entitle ITMS: This can be helpful in signifying the integrated and one-stop automated platform of transportation software for the organizations those are practicing transport services (Singh 2016). AgES Logistics: Wide range of solutions and services related o the obstacles in the transportation services can be offered by this software. This can be helpful in communicating between the clients and the organization and provide beneficial results. With respect to the vendor solutions, the public transport is undergoing the following objectives. Compatibility with Current Process: The new system should be compatible with the current existing system of the organization. Emphasizing on the workflow of the supply chain is a little distinct aspect for this case but the aims is similar for all. An example can be a better explanation for this context, assuming that the present processes in the existing system are working effectively for the organization; this will lead towards checking of the whole workflow and functionality of the involved processes (Alturkistani et al. 2015). One-step reverse for the visualization of the higher changes in the software process can be permitting in order to gather some time for reviewing and modification of the existing processes in previous systems. Evaluation of Financial Stability and References: There should be assurance on the verification of economic stability into the business. It will make then organization confident about the shortened of shelf-life of the solution (Alturkistani et al. 2015). This could be the main reason behind the supportive and un-supportive nature of the vendors shops. Tracking of Records: The pros and cons of the new ERP system is considerable for the organization that are being offered by the vendors in order to check whether the agreement meets the organizational policies or not (Nagy and Tick 2016). All the aspects should be reviewed while making the agreement related to the software and maintenance including the updates of the software. The Goldilocks Test: For big organizations like PTV, it can be boon for the managerial purpose as, it is the most developed transport management system specially designed for this purpose. Proper consulting with the stakeholders should be made in order to understand the needs they are expecting from the software (Kuli?ska, Rut and Stosz 2014).. Utilization of Technologies The efficiency level of the technology implementation: The ERP system solution provides a suite that is a fully integrated application built on Odoo in order to help the Bus/Passenger Transportation Services Companies in managing and growing their business in rapid manner with less effort (Kisielewski 2016). The core applications in Odoo are Inventory Management, Financial Accounting Management, Purchase management, Sales Management, Website building and E-Commerce, and Point of Sales, and including Bus Transportation Services Businesses are being offered in their latest launches (Kisielewski 2016). These applications can be helpful in offering better vertical industry features and incorporate following management: passenger management, fuel management, cost and revenue analysis, and route management, and for any kind of vehicle, vehicle insurance, vehicle accident management, vehicle maintenance, etc. Motivation on Technology Use: Motivating the use of technology among in the work environment among the employees will yield in better outcomes. Based on the information collected during the evaluation of online performance, comparing between the present skills with the offered goals of the organization can be accomplished and employees can be manipulated towards the respective goal of the organization by determining the opportunities and the scopes. The management might feel the need to redirect the staffs or employees towards the productivity of the business (Kivimaa and Virkamki 2014). Awareness programs and proper training will give confidence to the employees, which will in return produce motivated employees with positive thinking and can give their overall better performance. Performance Analysis: The technology offered can be beneficial in delivering an advanced reporting ability and business analysis for the accessibility to gain the in-depth understanding of the current and running market trends, business performances, and customer preferences. The managers and the executives could gain accessibility to the performance metrics and analytical reports, which could help in setting and redesigning the strategies (Kivimaa and Virkamki 2014). Productivity monitoring and employee goals: Providing online software solutions on the business productivity can be helpful in enabling the managers to track the progress of the employees in more easy way and compare them with the presented goals and take decisions based on this. This process could result in higher productivity and enhancement in (Kivimaa and Virkamki 2014). Continuous development of new and innovative skills determination is a challenge for any organization. Providing incentives can be helpful in encouraging the employees towards achieving the goals of the organization. Evaluation of Efficiency of the Technology Implementation: The world is changing with new technologies and population is increasing with a high rate, every individual wants the benefits that a machine and a digital world can offer. Increment in the crowd and technologies are resulting in crowding of technologies and competitive market. ERP system in PTV could help in mitigating the issues in public transport due to the traffic congestion that is becoming more congested for the people and society (Koster, Carstens and Heyns 2017). This could help the organization in providing their best to the customers or the clients and aware the clients with the services that a public transport organization can provide. ERP implementation can provide the solutions of all the issues that the public transport organization is facing nowadays (Talukdar and Hassan 2014). The PCU (Passenger Car unit equivalent): The cars, light goods, and taxis, are represented as 1 PCU, two wheelers have been represented as 0.5 PCU, whereas the heavy goods vehicles and small buses and heavy goods are being represented as 1.5 PCU, and the very heavy goods and big buses have been represented as 2 PCU (Koster, Carstens and Heyns 2017). Potential Security Risks and Data Breaches: The potential Risks: Implementing ERP can have potential risks, which can be listed as: The Unsupported and Outdated Software: The unsupported and outdated software can lead system to the misbehavior in integration and crashing issues (Richards and Grinsted 2013). This is the risk being ignored by various organization but could have high impact on the performance of the organization as, it may cause intrusion and data breaches intentionally or non-intentionally. The insufficient reporting capability: This could lead to the loss of data control and external reporting and a loss of data control. This is lacking in the primary design of the ERP, which can lack in proper functionality of the organizational process (van Lanen et al. 2016). These risks involve denying of access (access denied) and data analysis of the users with the proposed tools or software that are being offered by the ERP vendors. The data breaches Implementing ERP into the existing system will result in computerizing all the operational activities and migration of related data and information into the Cloud. Migrating data and information to the Cloud makes it vulnerable towards data breaches and cyber-attacks, which could cause serious loss to the organization (Dreler et al. 2016). As data breaches provides access of the information and data to the unauthorized user that could result in expose, manipulation and loss of data. These data might include sensitive information related to the employees, which could lead to privacy issues related to the employees of the organization. Operational data related to the organization may lead to the security issues for the organization and related stakeholders. Mitigation of Risks: Following are the guidelines that could be helpful in mitigating the raised risks: Transformation of the business: Transforming the business with the unparalleled service support throughout the enterprise could be helpful in mitigating the raised risks. The SAP Digital Business Services can be helpful in connecting the business with the IT (information technology) much closer and experience the strategy and digital transformation execution and strategy (Bournelle et al. 2013). SAP software implementation could help in designing and valuing the discovery to the improved innovation towards the productive use of product outcomes, the business could get evolved. This will help in mitigating the issues raised with the ERP implementation. Travel and Transportation software: Finding the software that is tailored according to the business needs can also be helpful in mitigating the raised issues (Bournelle et al. 2013). Meeting the developing requirements of transportation in the current digital world: With the increment in expectations and complexity of this digital world public transport business needed the smart and digital approaches. SAP solution can be a better solution for managing these expectations and complexity and ease to perform the activities. It will help in improving the system more customer-centric, responsive, and reliable (Bournelle et al. 2013). Encryption of the files: For the data and files that are being uploaded or migrated to the Cloud should be properly encrypted in order to protect that information even after being hacked. Intruders might get the access to the files but if properly encrypted, they will not nbe able to manipulate those data and information. Conclusion: Based on the above report it can be concluded that implementing ERP into the existing system of the PTV can lead the organization towards achieving its goals and enhance the performance of the business. In public transport ERP can play a vital role to change the face of the organization and facility that are being offered to the customers by better experience of services. Implementation of ERP into the existing system of the PTV can be a complex step but could result in greater benefits. There are certain challenges that have been not stated above like infrastructure, education and other aspects which are the obstacles in the path of implementation but with proper measures these challenges can be mitigated. Implementing new technologies into the system will no doubt lead towards the beneficial aspects for the organization but will also raise certain issues which are considerable for all the organizations and need to be mitigated whenever detected. This report presents those mitigatio n measures, which are stated above that will help in mitigating the issues. ERP is a better option for the PTV to enhance the performance and make profitable business by lesser efforts. The public transport will become more user-interface and efficient for the customers that are involved in this project. 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